GeForce 8600

GeForce 8600

NVIDIA Unified Architecture

* Unified shader architecture
* GigaThread technology
* Full support for Microsoft DirectX 10
o Geometry shaders
o Geometry instancing
o Streamed output
o Shader Model 4.0
* Full 128-bit floating point precision through the entire rendering pipeline

NVIDIA Lumenex Engine

* 16x full screen anti-aliasing
* Transparent multisampling and transparent supersampling
* 16x angle independent anisotropic filtering
* 128-bit floating point high dynamic-range (HDR) lighting with anti-aliasing
o 32-bit per component floating point texture filtering and blending
* Advanced lossless compression algorithms for color, texture, and z-data
* Support for normal map compression
* Z-cull
* Early-Z

NVIDIA Quantum Effects Technology

* Advanced shader processors architected for physics computation
* Simulate and render physics effects on the graphics processor

NVIDIA TurboCache Technology

* Combines the capacity and bandwidth of dedicated video memory with dynamically allocated system memory to dramatically turbocharge performance.

NVIDIA SLI Technology

* Patented hardware and software technology allows two GeForce-based graphics cards to run in parallel to scale performance and enhance image quality on today's top titles.

NVIDIA PureVideo HD Technology

* Dedicated on-chip video processor
* High-definition H.264, VC-1, MPEG2 and WMV9 decode acceleration
* Advanced spatial-temporal de-interlacing
* HDCP capable
* Spatial-Temporal De-Interlacing
* Noise Reduction
* Edge Enhancement
* Bad Edit Correction
* Inverse telecine (2:2 and 3:2 pull-down correction)
* High-quality scaling
* Video color correction
* Microsoft Video Mixing Renderer (VMR) support

Advanced Display Functionality

* Two dual-link DVI outputs for digital flat panel display resolutions up to 2560x16004
* One dual-link DVI outputs for digital flat panel display resolutions up to 2560x16005
* One single-link DVI outputs for digital flat panel display resolutions up to 1920x120066
* Dual integrated 400MHz RAMDACs for analog display resolutions up to and including 2048x1536 at 85Hz
* Integrated HDTV encoder provides analog TV-output (Component/Composite/S-Video) up to 1080i resolution
* NVIDIA nView multi-display technology capability
* 10-bit display processing

Built for Microsoft Windows Vista

* Full DirectX 10 support
* Dedicated graphics processor powers the new Windows Vista Aero 3D user interface
* VMR-based video architecture

High Speed Interfaces

* Designed for PCI Express x16
* Designed for high-speed GDDR3 and DDR2 memory

Operating Systems

* Built for Microsoft Windows Vista
* Windows XP/Windows XP 64
* Linux

API Support

* Complete DirectX support, including Microsoft DirectX 10 Shader Model 4.0
* Full OpenGL support, including OpenGL 2.0

GeForce 8400 GS

GeForce 8400 GS

NVIDIA Unified Architecture

    Unified shader architecture
    GigaThread technology
    Full support for Microsoft DirectX 10
        Geometry shaders
        Geometry instancing
        Streamed output
        Shader Model 4.0
    Full 128-bit floating point precision through the entire rendering pipeline

NVIDIA Lumenex Engine

    16x full screen anti-aliasing
    Transparent multisampling and transparent supersampling
    16x angle independent anisotropic filtering
    128-bit floating point high dynamic-range (HDR) lighting with anti-aliasing
        32-bit per component floating point texture filtering and blending
    Advanced lossless compression algorithms for color, texture, and z-data
    Support for normal map compression
    Z-cull
    Early-Z

NVIDIA Quantum Effects Technology

    Advanced shader processors architected for physics computation
    Simulate and render physics effects on the graphics processor

NVIDIA TurboCache Technology

    Combines the capacity and bandwidth of dedicated video memory with dynamically allocated system memory to dramatically turbocharge performance.

NVIDIA SLI Technology

    Patented hardware and software technology allows two GeForce-based graphics cards to run in parallel to scale performance and enhance image quality on today's top titles.

NVIDIA PureVideo HD Technology

    Dedicated on-chip video processor
    High-definition H.264, VC-1, MPEG2 and WMV9 decode acceleration
    Advanced spatial-temporal de-interlacing
    HDCP capable
    Spatial-Temporal De-Interlacing
    Noise Reduction
    Edge Enhancement
    Bad Edit Correction
    Inverse telecine (2:2 and 3:2 pull-down correction)
    High-quality scaling
    Video color correction
    Microsoft Video Mixing Renderer (VMR) support

Advanced Display Functionality

    Two dual-link DVI outputs for digital flat panel display resolutions up to 2560x16004
    One dual-link DVI outputs for digital flat panel display resolutions up to 2560x16005
    One single-link DVI outputs for digital flat panel display resolutions up to 1920x120066
    Dual integrated 400MHz RAMDACs for analog display resolutions up to and including 2048x1536 at 85Hz
    Integrated HDTV encoder provides analog TV-output (Component/Composite/S-Video) up to 1080i resolution
    NVIDIA nView multi-display technology capability
    10-bit display processing

Built for Microsoft Windows Vista

    Full DirectX 10 support
    Dedicated graphics processor powers the new Windows Vista Aero 3D user interface
    VMR-based video architecture

High Speed Interfaces

    Designed for PCI Express x16
    Designed for high-speed GDDR3 and DDR2 memory

Operating Systems

    Built for Microsoft Windows Vista
    Windows XP/Windows XP 64
    Linux

API Support

    Complete DirectX support, including Microsoft DirectX 10 Shader Model 4.0
    Full OpenGL support, including OpenGL 2.0

Apple to launch its TV by 2012

Apple to launch its TV by 2012
Apple Inc. is planning to launch its another high profile product and this time its Television.I am going to give you information on Apple TV update. After capturing the Tablet, Computer and Smartphone market ,Apple is now planning to enter the living rooms of the common people with Apple- TV. Apple TV is going to be a slim and thin designed and user friendly in its functioning. Apple is going to launch its TV latest by 2012 according to the sources.

An Apple spokeperson said in an article in The Wall Street Journel :"Apple is working on new technology to deliever video to televisions, and is being discussing whether to launch a TV service"

Apple has been rumored long to be working on a Television, but this time it looks there dream to be come true as they have teamed up with major OEM to sell iOS powered, Apple branded display. Earlier Google was also teamed up with Sony to release its television products but sooner their project gone in vain. But Google is also to be introduce its television series in Europe by 2012.

Its going to be interesting to watch who is going to win a fight when two major firms i.e Apple & Google , when both enters in the world of "Television".For more info on Apple TV updates keep visiting this site.

Integrated Services Digital Network

Integrated Services Digital Network

Integrated Services Digital Network is a system with digitized phone connections, which has pure analog connection. It is the first protocol which describes on a digital communications line. This allows transmission of data, voice, video and graphics at very high speeds over standard communication lines carried by bearer channels (B channels) occupying a bandwidth of 64 kbits per second. A data channel (D channel) handles signaling at 16 kb/s or 64 kb/s depending on the service type. It is not limited to public telephone networks alone. It may be transmitted via networks like telex, packet switched networks, CATV networks, etc.

There are two types of services corresponding with ISDN:
1) Basic Rate Interface Service.
2) Primary Rate Interface Service.

ISDN Basic Rate Interface Service

The ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI) service provides two B channels and one D channel. BRI B-channel service works at 64 kbps is used to carry user data. BRI D-channel service works at 16 kbps is used to carry control and signaling information although it also supports user data transmission under certain circumstances. The D-channel signaling protocol contains Layers 1 to 3 of the OSI reference model. International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunications Standards Section (ITU-T) defines the BRI physical layer specification.

ISDN Primary Rate Interface Service

ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI) service provides 23 B channels and 1 D channel yielding a total bit rate of 1.544 Mbps. ISDN PRI in different country like Europe, Australia, and other parts of the world provides 30 B channels plus one 64-kbps D channel and a total interface rate up to 2.048 Mbps. ITU-T I.431 defines PRI physical layer specification.

Different services may be called by using different values in the "Bearer Capability" field in the call setup message. One ISDN service is telephony, which can be obtained using full 64 kbps bandwidth but will require the some special processing or bit diddling as ordinary Public service Telephone Network calls.
ISDN Specifications
This section describes the various ISDN specifications for Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3.
Layer 1
ISDN physical layer (Layer 1) frame formats depends upon whether the frame is outbound (from terminal to network) or inbound (from network to terminal). The frames are 48 bits long from which data is represented by 36 bits. The bits of an ISDN frame are used as follows:
1) F: it provides synchronization.
2) L: it adjusts the average bit value
3) E: it ensures contention resolution when several terminals on a passive bus contend for a channel
4) A: it activates devices.
5) S: it is unassigned bit.
6) B1, B2 and D: it handles user data
Multiple ISDN devices can be attached physically to one circuit. In this configuration, collisions occur when two terminals transmit simultaneously. Therefore, ISDN avoids collision by using link contention.

Terminals cannot transmit data to the D channel unless they first detect a specific number of ones corresponding to pre-established priority. If TE detects a bit in the echo channel that is different from D bits then it stop transmitting immediately without wasting time. This technique guarantees that at a time only one terminal can transmit its D message. After successful D-message transmission, the terminal reduces its priority. Terminals cannot increase their priority until all other devices on the same line have had an opportunity to send a D message. Telephone connections have highest priority than all other devices.

Layer 2
ISDN Layer 2 is signaling protocol called Link Access Procedure D channel (LAPD). LAPD is just like High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) and Link Access Procedure Balanced (LAPB). As the development of the LAPD acronym indicates, this layer is used across the D channel to check control and signaling information flows. The LAPD frame format is as of HDLC. Like HDLC, LAPD makes use of information, supervisory and unnumbered frames.

Layer 3
ISDN Layer 3 is used for ISDN signaling: ITU-T I.450 and ITU-T I.451. Both these protocols carry end-to-end, circuit-switched and packet-switched connections. A variety of call-establishment, call-termination, information, and miscellaneous messages are described by using SETUP, CONNECT, RELEASE, USER INFORMATION, CANCEL, STATUS, and DISCONNECT. These messages provide same functionality as that of X.25 protocol.

ISDN Channels
ISDN provide three logical digital communication channels which perform the following functions:

B-Channel: it carries user service information including digital data, video, and voice.
D-Channel: it carries signals and data packets between the user and the network.
H-Channel: it performs the same function as B-Channels, but operates at rates exceeding 64 Kbps.